Internment / Internierung
The war went on and on, not seeming to end soon. It was time for us to move to a house of our own. Saying goodbye to our hostess Mrs. Emery was hard. We moved into a house in a quiet, nice neighborhood on Irvin street, also in Hamstead. It was a town house with a little front and a bigger backyard. In the basement was a playroom with a billiard table which we were all allowed to play on. As long as we stayed in London, my father had to report regularly to an authority because he was a native of an enemy country, and an Austrian citizen. Otherwise we were not bothered.
Our life continued quietly. The boys went daily to school, my sister and I played in and around the house, and my mother was back to her duties as a wife, mother and housewife.
My father met a young Swedish artist who had an atelier not far from us. He invited my father to work at his studio as long as he stayed in London. Mr. Akablad was gifted but was not acquainted with the use of watercolors.
My father, pleased to teach him, worked there for a few months, Mr. Akablad painted in this time an oil portrait of me sitting in front of an upright piano, that was at an art show in London and later reproduced in a Swedish journal.
In London, where repeated demonstrations against Germans occurred almost daily, a baker's store in our neighborhood was plundered and the furniture of his apartment on the second floor was ransacked and furniture thrown out the window. We happened to pass by and saw the piano lying shattered on the street.
We were once visiting a movie house. During the news at the beginning a big picture of Germany's Emperor, Wilhelm II, was shown. I remember clearly his flattop haircut, the typical mustache with the upturned corners, his uniformed breast decorated with many medals. The people stared immediately to shuffle the floor, to whistle and hiss "ksss ksss ksss ksss", a typical English hate sound.
On May 7, 1915, a German submarine sunk, without warning, off the Irish coast a passenger liner, the Lusitania. More than 1,000 lives were lost, 114 of them American citizens. This caused an outcry and all men of German, Austrian and Hungarian nationality were at once interned, while women and children had to leave the country.
My father was sent to the Alexandra Palace in London, an internment camp, and later transferred to the Isle of Man in Scotland, where he was held until the end of the war. He enjoyed many privileges at both camps.
At the Alexandra Palace he and about a dozen gentlemen were permitted to form an exclusive club, and move into a tower with their own servants and butlers, chosen among their inmates, including a private chef who cooked for them. Prior to their incarceration they were employed at the best hotels or private households.
My father and his tower companions corresponded for the rest of their lives. They sent him in October 1933 for his 65th birthday a big wooden case with 65 bottles of the finest wines.
Tony Binder in his living quarters and atelier on Isle of Man
He told us later that some prisoners got into trouble when they tried to demonstrate and demand. My father, as many others, just followed the rules and they were never bothered.
My mother had the choice to travel anywhere. Most of our Egyptian friends settled in Switzerland, but my mother thought that Munich, her father's birthplace where she had relatives, would be the right place to go. She had made friends in her youth, when she visited Munich, who might give her moral support.
Our life continued quietly. The boys went daily to school, my sister and I played in and around the house, and my mother was back to her duties as a wife, mother and housewife.
My father met a young Swedish artist who had an atelier not far from us. He invited my father to work at his studio as long as he stayed in London. Mr. Akablad was gifted but was not acquainted with the use of watercolors.
My father, pleased to teach him, worked there for a few months, Mr. Akablad painted in this time an oil portrait of me sitting in front of an upright piano, that was at an art show in London and later reproduced in a Swedish journal.
In London, where repeated demonstrations against Germans occurred almost daily, a baker's store in our neighborhood was plundered and the furniture of his apartment on the second floor was ransacked and furniture thrown out the window. We happened to pass by and saw the piano lying shattered on the street.
We were once visiting a movie house. During the news at the beginning a big picture of Germany's Emperor, Wilhelm II, was shown. I remember clearly his flattop haircut, the typical mustache with the upturned corners, his uniformed breast decorated with many medals. The people stared immediately to shuffle the floor, to whistle and hiss "ksss ksss ksss ksss", a typical English hate sound.
On May 7, 1915, a German submarine sunk, without warning, off the Irish coast a passenger liner, the Lusitania. More than 1,000 lives were lost, 114 of them American citizens. This caused an outcry and all men of German, Austrian and Hungarian nationality were at once interned, while women and children had to leave the country.
My father was sent to the Alexandra Palace in London, an internment camp, and later transferred to the Isle of Man in Scotland, where he was held until the end of the war. He enjoyed many privileges at both camps.
At the Alexandra Palace he and about a dozen gentlemen were permitted to form an exclusive club, and move into a tower with their own servants and butlers, chosen among their inmates, including a private chef who cooked for them. Prior to their incarceration they were employed at the best hotels or private households.
My father and his tower companions corresponded for the rest of their lives. They sent him in October 1933 for his 65th birthday a big wooden case with 65 bottles of the finest wines.
Several prisoners started a theater group. Thy needed someone to paint the stage backgrounds, design announcements and help in costuming and make-up of the artists. Tony Binder gladly volunteered. He enjoyed also designing menus, invitations for lectures etc. But mostly he loved to draw interesting types among his fellow inmates. Hundreds of their caricatures still exist.
He also painted portraits of fellow inmates. The camp commandant was so enthusiastic that he ordered his own portrait painted and then arranged for private English Citizens to come, among them the Bishop of Canterbury, to have their portraits painted.
Tony Binder started a class in painting. One of his pupils was Mr. Strecker, the owner of the Schot Music Editions of Germany who had been on a business trip in England when the unexpected war broke out. He became one of my fathers's most faithful and lasting friends.
On the Isle of Man it was similar. This camp's commandant ordered adequate room and light for my father to work in. One of the barracks was remodeled for his exclusive use as art studio and living quarters. My father did not suffer in England's prison camps. On the contrary, he got very spoiled. This became difficult on my mother and us children after he joined us in Munich upon his release.
He also painted portraits of fellow inmates. The camp commandant was so enthusiastic that he ordered his own portrait painted and then arranged for private English Citizens to come, among them the Bishop of Canterbury, to have their portraits painted.
Tony Binder started a class in painting. One of his pupils was Mr. Strecker, the owner of the Schot Music Editions of Germany who had been on a business trip in England when the unexpected war broke out. He became one of my fathers's most faithful and lasting friends.
On the Isle of Man it was similar. This camp's commandant ordered adequate room and light for my father to work in. One of the barracks was remodeled for his exclusive use as art studio and living quarters. My father did not suffer in England's prison camps. On the contrary, he got very spoiled. This became difficult on my mother and us children after he joined us in Munich upon his release.
He told us later that some prisoners got into trouble when they tried to demonstrate and demand. My father, as many others, just followed the rules and they were never bothered.
For my mother and the rest of the family, an uncertain future was imminent. We could not return to Egypt. Not only was it forbidden, but properties and the fortunes of all foreigners were confiscated and expropriated. Unlike other residents, my father always kept his Austrian citizenship valid and had also never missed to register every child at the Austrian Consulate at birth. He would have become automatically an English citizen and could after the war as such reclaim any losses.
My mother had the choice to travel anywhere. Most of our Egyptian friends settled in Switzerland, but my mother thought that Munich, her father's birthplace where she had relatives, would be the right place to go. She had made friends in her youth, when she visited Munich, who might give her moral support.
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Internierung
Internierung
Der Krieg ging immer weiter und schien nicht bald zu enden. Es war Zeit für uns, in ein eigenes Haus zu ziehen. Der Abschied von unserer Gastgeberin Frau Emery fiel uns schwer. Wir zogen in ein Haus in einer ruhigen, schönen Gegend in der Irvin Street, ebenfalls in Hamstead. Es war ein Stadthaus mit einer kleinen Vorderseite und einem größeren Hinterhof. Im Keller befand sich ein Spielzimmer mit einem Billardtisch, an dem wir alle spielen durften. Solange wir in London blieben, musste sich mein Vater regelmäßig bei einer Behörde melden, da er aus einem feindlichen Land stammte und österreichischer Staatsbürger war. Ansonsten hat es uns nicht gestört.
Unser Leben ging ruhig weiter. Die Jungen gingen täglich zur Schule, meine Schwester und ich spielten im und um das Haus und meine Mutter war wieder ihren Pflichten als Ehefrau, Mutter und Hausfrau nachgegangen.
Mein Vater lernte einen jungen schwedischen Künstler kennen, der nicht weit von uns ein Atelier hatte. Er lud meinen Vater ein, in seinem Atelier zu arbeiten, solange er in London blieb. Herr Akablad war begabt, aber mit der Verwendung von Wasserfarben nicht vertraut.
Mein Vater war froh, ihn unterrichten zu können, und arbeitete dort einige Monate lang. Herr Akablad malte in dieser Zeit ein Ölporträt von mir, wie ich vor einem Klavier saß, das auf einer Kunstausstellung in London gezeigt und später in einer schwedischen Zeitschrift reproduziert wurde .
In London, wo es fast täglich zu wiederholten Demonstrationen gegen Deutsche kam, wurde ein Bäckereiladen in unserer Nachbarschaft geplündert und die Möbel seiner Wohnung im zweiten Stock durchsucht und Möbel aus dem Fenster geworfen. Wir kamen zufällig vorbei und sahen das Klavier zerbrochen auf der Straße liegen.
Wir waren einmal in einem Kino. Zu Beginn der Nachrichten wurde ein großes Bild des deutschen Kaisers Wilhelm II. gezeigt. Ich erinnere mich noch genau an seinen flachen Haarschnitt, den typischen Schnurrbart mit den nach oben gerichteten Ecken, seine uniformierte Brust, die mit vielen Orden geschmückt war. Die Leute starrten sofort an, bewegten den Boden, pfiffen und zischten „ksss ksss ksss ksss“, ein typisch englisches Hassgeräusch.
Am 7. Mai 1915 versenkte ein deutsches U-Boot ohne Vorwarnung vor der irischen Küste das Passagierschiff Lusitania. Mehr als 1.000 Menschen kamen ums Leben, 114 davon amerikanische Staatsbürger. Dies löste einen Aufschrei aus und alle Männer deutscher, österreichischer und ungarischer Nationalität wurden auf einmal interniert, während Frauen und Kinder das Land verlassen mussten.
Mein Vater wurde in das Internierungslager Alexandra Palace in London geschickt und später auf die Isle of Man in Schottland überstellt, wo er bis Kriegsende festgehalten wurde. In beiden Lagern genoss er viele Privilegien.
Im Alexandra Palace durften er und etwa ein Dutzend Herren einen exklusiven Club gründen und in einen Turm mit ihren eigenen Dienern und Butlern einziehen, die aus ihren Insassen ausgewählt wurden, darunter ein Privatkoch, der für sie kochte. Vor ihrer Inhaftierung waren sie in den besten Hotels oder Privathaushalten beschäftigt.
Mein Vater und seine Turmkameraden korrespondierten für den Rest ihres Lebens. Sie schickten ihm im Oktober 1933 zu seinem 65. Geburtstag eine große Holzkiste mit 65 Flaschen erlesener Weine.
Mehrere Häftlinge gründeten eine Theatergruppe. Sie brauchten jemanden, der die Bühnenhintergründe malte, Ankündigungen gestaltete und bei der Kostümierung und dem Make-up der Künstler half. Tony Binder meldete sich gerne freiwillig. Es machte ihm auch Spaß, Speisekarten, Einladungen zu Vorträgen usw. zu entwerfen. Vor allem aber liebte er es, interessante Typen unter seine Mithäftlinge zu zeichnen. Hunderte ihrer Karikaturen existieren noch.
Er malte auch Porträts von Mithäftlingen. Der Lagerkommandant war so begeistert, dass er sein eigenes Porträt anfertigen ließ und dann dafür sorgte, dass private englische Bürger, darunter der Bischof von Canterbury, kamen, um sich porträtieren zu lassen.
Tony Binder begann einen Malkurs. Einer seiner Schüler war Herr Strecker, der Besitzer der Schot Music Editions of Germany, der sich auf einer Geschäftsreise in England befand, als der unerwartete Krieg ausbrach. Er wurde einer der treuesten und treuesten Freunde meines Vaters.
Auf der Isle of Man war es ähnlich. Der Lagerkommandant ordnete an, dass meinem Vater ausreichend Platz und Licht zum Arbeiten zur Verfügung standen. Eine der Baracken wurde für seine ausschließliche Nutzung als Kunstatelier und Wohnraum umgebaut. Mein Vater hat in den Gefangenenlagern Englands nicht gelitten. Im Gegenteil, er wurde sehr verwöhnt. Für meine Mutter und uns Kinder wurde es schwierig, nachdem er nach seiner Entlassung zu uns nach München kam.
Er erzählte uns später, dass einige Gefangene in Schwierigkeiten gerieten, als sie versuchten zu demonstrieren und zu fordern. Mein Vater hat sich, wie viele andere auch, einfach an die Regeln gehalten und es hat sie nie gestört.
Für meine Mutter und den Rest der Familie stand eine ungewisse Zukunft bevor. Wir konnten nicht nach Ägypten zurückkehren. Es wurde nicht nur verboten, sondern auch Eigentum und Vermögen aller Ausländer wurden beschlagnahmt und enteignet. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Einwohnern behielt mein Vater stets seine österreichische Staatsbürgerschaft und versäumte es auch nie, jedes Kind bei der Geburt beim österreichischen Konsulat anzumelden. Er wäre automatisch englischer Staatsbürger geworden und hätte als solcher nach dem Krieg etwaige Verluste ausgleichen können.
Meine Mutter hatte die Wahl, überall hin zu reisen. Die meisten unserer ägyptischen Freunde ließen sich in der Schweiz nieder, aber meine Mutter dachte, dass München, der Geburtsort ihres Vaters, wo sie Verwandte hatte, der richtige Ort wäre. Sie hatte in ihrer Jugend, als sie München besuchte, Freunde gefunden, die ihr moralische Unterstützung geben könnten.

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