Last Month of the War / Letzter Monat des Krieges
Our weaving continued without any perceptible interruption. The carpets were never and excitement. Our men in the KZ workshop did their job well. They delivered the finished goods to my house every week and continued quietly their work program. I had no contact with them, they were all elderly Polish men who did not know the German language and they all looked at me with expressionless eyes when I entered the room.
Without love or hatred for me, they seemed satisfied. I understood how important this job was for their survival and I was determined to provide it as long as I could. Frau Burchard’s crew was different. Their work changed according to available yarns.
I continued my personal contact with Frau Burchard, visiting her at her peaceful country seat and discussing whatever business was to discuss. I was graciously invited to delicious luncheons which she prepared for me with food from her farm neighbors, who provided her with almost everything city folks could never get. I watched her baby grow, a sturdy little fellow with dark eyes and dark curly hair. I felt relaxed and enjoyed my visits with her.
Capo Green was released and placed on the eastern front. A new capo without weaving knowledge was not practical for our commando. It had to one of our own group, and the most natural for the job was the Kid Kamola. He spoke German well and the commandant had no objections.
Kamola had accompanied the deliveries of fabrics for some time. He never failed to stip at our house after he had been at the chicken coop, stretching out the time on his way back to the KZ. My mother had always something to do for the group, especially for Kamola. With him she could talk. She would ask him to fix the cord on her iron, to repair a faucet, or to exchange bulbs in a ceiling lamp. For so many years we did not have anybody to do these small repairs. Kamola fixed anything and everything, and did it with pleasure. He was always cheerful and smiling, was courteous, and did not behave like a prisoner at all.
Since about one year or longer, Kamola had permission from the KZ commandant to let his hair grow, then to wear his watch, and finally to wear civilian clothing. Many new prisoners came to Dachau. They all needed prison garb, of which the camp had run low. So it was allowed for some of the inmates to find in the storage room clothes which had been taken from prisoners as they entered the camp, and who later died.
An SS guard with a carbine accompanied the commando every time. But by now, the guard was not anymore a young, fierce-looking SS officer. Instead, an elderly man who had been an innkeeper in a small village, too old for army duty when the war started, was an involuntary SS man and a guard at the Dachau KZ. All young SS men were now fighting on the fronts.
The older SS guard and the rest of the group would wait for Kamola. We gave them whatever we had to eat and to drink, and put a loaf of bread or fruit into the empty delivery cart for them to take back to the camp.
When my father died at the end of January 1944, I took my visiting siblings to the weaving workshop in the KZ. I wanted them to see the institution. Since then, my relationship with the commando visibly loosened up, though private conversations were not allowed. I never crossed this strict ruling, and Kamola also recognized and followed all the rules.
Once he was in our house and asked me whether I would lend him to Marks, which he needed desperately. I gave him of course the money and told him not ot worry. About two weeks later he handed me two Marks and insisted that I take them. I was somewhat embarrassed. I wanted badly that he keep the money which I could easily do without, but there was no way this proud man would take my money. I had to take it back. I wondered whether any of the thousands of prisoners would have acted the same way. Kamola’s strong character impressed me very much and proved to me that his pride had not suffered while he was imprisoned. It was his pride I always noticed and respected.
When sirens started howling everybody had to leave the streets to seek shelter. The bombardments of Munich multiplied. The beautiful city was a target regardless whether the bombers aimed at targets of the war machine or not.
The city was ruined to a heap of stones. The national art galleries, the National Library, including the nation’s largest collection of early manuscripts, the old residences of the Royal Bavarian family, and most of the old part of the city center, with its beautiful century-old buildings, was all ruined.
My friend Ness Buchner was the General Director of the Bavarian Art Galleries. Right from the start of the war he ordered and supervised the evacuation of art treasures from around Bavaria to secret places in the Bavarian Alps Noe of the rich and extensive art objects fell victim to enemy bombardments. The buildings, however, took a heavy toll.
In contrast, the Director of the Bavarian State’s Library did not follow Buchner’s example. He even turned up his nose at the “unnecessary” foolish precautions, as he was heard to criticize his colleague. Together with the library building, the greatest part of the collection of handwritings from the middle ages went up in smoke. When KZ commandos were outside the camp, they too had to seek shelter when a siren sounded. But my mother and I almost never went down to our ground-level floor. We just waited for the end of the alarm in our living quarters. Once several big bomber squadrons flew directly over our property. It was a tremendous experience to see the mighty feet of countless huge airplanes, to hear the noise of their engines, and to wait suspenseful for what the consequence of their onslaught would be. The men and the SS guard were in the basement of our house along with the Meier family. I was in the back yard watching the formation of enemy bombers flying overhead, when Kamola joined me. I wondered out loud how the war would end and when. The Russian army was marching toward Austria. One heard so much of their cruelties against the population; stealing, robbing, molesting and raping women of all ages. I wondered whether they would come here to southern Bavaria, which is so close to Austria. As a matter of fact, I was so sure that the Russians would be coming that I told Kamola. He tried to set me at ease. He declared that I did not have to worry; not the Russians but the American forces would come this way. I could not believe this. Germany’s western front now held fast and the enemies were not able to break through the strong German defenses behind the river Rhine. When I could not be convinced of Kamola’s prediction, he suggested that we make a bet. “All right”, I said, trying to think of something to bet which I knew he could deliver, or what I knew I could ask of him. Finally I asked, “What do you bet?” Without a second’s hesitation, Kamola pointed to the house and said, “House and its owner.” Well, this really shocked and amused me. After a short thought I said, “O.K. I will tell my mother”, wanting to scare this brash young man, hinting that my mother was the owner and, if he won, he would get her with the house. But of course, this was all said in jest.
When I told my mother about his, we had a good laugh about this unabashed young man.
We received at this time an unexpected order for table clothes, bedspreads and draperies from the Government through an architectural firm in Munich. I was asked to visit the construction site in Silesia to discuss the colors, exact dimensions and numbers of the individual pieces of the order. Silesia? Who would want to build in Silesia a big house? I was understandably curious to find out what the Government was planning. Everybody was sure that the Russians were coming!
In the train to Bristle, where I had to change to a bus and then drive to another city, I met a family; a young couple with four small children, the oldest about six years of age. The father was a physician, the mother a young, beautiful woman. They had fled Silesia at the beginning of the war between Poland and Germany in an effort to escape an unexpected melee during the border battle, not far from where they had their residence. They moved to the west, where the Germans had no trouble to beat the French army, and it was for a long time very calm at the western front. Many even believe that the war would be soon over and live would return to normal. Everything had changed. The whole world was about to change! The young family assumed that the Russian army had been effectively defeated and presumed it safe to return to Silesia. These poor people returned to a home which was soon to be within hell. I thought often of them when the war escalated in Silesia, with the onslaught of the Russian army. What might have happened to the children? Their parents?
After I parted from this family I took the bus to a small city where an old fortress was hidden in a mighty forest. Men, prisoners in striped blue-gray uniform as the KZ inmates in Dachau wore, worked around and inside the castle. I was speechless when told that this place was being prepared for Hitler’s western headquarters. The war was already lost, in my opinion. What did Hitler need another headquarters for? It was interesting to see and hear about the plans for this old fortress. Did they in all earnestness believe that our weavings were needed to make this place comfortable?
Comfortable for what? It seem ridiculous to me, and I could tell by the architects’ cautious conduct and speech that they too were quite unsure of the necessity of this project. But an order is an order.
Man hörte so viel von ihren Grausamkeiten gegenüber der Bevölkerung; Diebstahl, Raub, Belästigung und Vergewaltigung von Frauen jeden Alters. Ich fragte mich, ob sie hierher nach Südbayern kommen würden, das so nah an Österreich liegt. Tatsächlich war ich so sicher, dass die Russen kommen würden, dass ich es Kamola erzählte. Er versuchte, mich zu beruhigen. Er erklärte, dass ich mir keine Sorgen machen müsse; Nicht die Russen, sondern die amerikanischen Streitkräfte würden diesen Weg nehmen. Ich konnte das nicht glauben. Die Westfront Deutschlands hielt nun fest und die Feinde konnten die starken deutschen Verteidigungsanlagen hinter dem Rhein nicht durchbrechen. Als ich von Kamolas Vorhersage nicht überzeugt werden konnte, schlug er vor, eine Wette abzuschließen. „In Ordnung“, sagte ich und versuchte, mir eine Wette auszudenken, von der ich wusste, dass er sie liefern konnte, oder von der ich wusste, dass ich sie von ihm verlangen konnte. Schließlich fragte ich: „Was wetten Sie?“ Ohne eine Sekunde zu zögern zeigte Kamola auf das Haus und sagte: „Haus und sein Besitzer.“ Nun, das hat mich wirklich schockiert und amüsiert. Nach kurzem Nachdenken sagte ich: „O.K. Ich werde es meiner Mutter sagen“, wollte er diesen dreisten jungen Mann erschrecken und deutete an, dass meine Mutter die Eigentümerin sei und dass er ihr das Haus überlassen würde, wenn er siegte. Aber natürlich war das alles nur ein Scherz.
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